Enhancing graph interpretation skills of Grade 9 students in learning microeconomics through I2 strategy

Authors

  • Jojenn P. Calingacion Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines
  • Alyssa Lira M. Dacera Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines
  • Melissa G. Castro Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines
  • Joshua C. Lubay Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines
  • Rona Flor Fatima C. Bug-os Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines
  • Jay C. Bansale Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61251/ijoep.v2i1.123

Keywords:

I2 strategy, microeconomics, graphs, graph interpretation skills, teaching strategy

Abstract

This action research aimed to enhance the graph interpretation skills of 35 Grade 9 Apitong students of Baybay National High School in learning microeconomics through the I2 strategy. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study incorporated pre-and post-assessments to evaluate students' graph interpretation skills. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess significant differences in performance, while thematic analysis was employed to gain insights into students' experiences with the I2 strategy. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ graph interpretation skills after the implementation of the strategy. Thematic analysis results highlighted mastery of graphing skills, and enhanced learning experience and skill master in interpreting graphs. Notably, the I2 strategy proved instrumental in enhancing the ability of Grade 9 students, who initially had a poor understanding and interpretation of graphs in learning microeconomic concepts.

Author Biographies

Jojenn P. Calingacion, Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Jojenn P. Calingacion took his undergraduate degree in secondary education major in Social Studies at Visayas State University. He completed his practice teaching program at Baybay National High School. He is deeply passionate about teaching and finds great fulfillment in conducting educational research.

Alyssa Lira M. Dacera, Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Alyssa Lira M. Dacera took her undergraduate degree at Visayas State University, specializing in Social Studies. She completed her teaching internship program at Baybay National High School. The author’s interest in the different fields of social studies enabled her to strive to be the greatest teacher who will pass down her knowledge and mold civic-minded and globally competitive learners in the 21st century.

Melissa G. Castro, Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Melissa G. Castro took her undergraduate degree in Secondary Education specializing in Social Studies at Visayas State University. The author completed her pre-service teaching program at Baybay National High School. She has a genuine passion for Social Sciences and enjoys helping students to think critically and apply what they've learned to everyday situations.

Joshua C. Lubay, Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Joshua C. Lubay earned his undergraduate degree in Secondary Education, majoring in Social Studies, from Visayas State University. He completed his pre-service teaching at Baybay National High School. He aspires to educate and inspire young minds by promoting academic excellence, competence, and life changing teaching and learning practices.

Rona Flor Fatima C. Bug-os, Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Rona Flor Fatima C. Bug-os took her undergraduate degree in Secondary Education, majoring in Social Studies, at Visayas State University. She successfully completed her pre-service teaching program at Baybay National High School. Driven by a passion for fostering critical thinking and cultural awareness, she is committed to inspiring learners to become socially responsible and globally competent individuals.

Jay C. Bansale, Faculty of Teacher Education, Visayas State University, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Jay C. Bansale is an Assistant Professor of Visayas State University. He heads the Social Studies Unit of the Faculty of Teacher Education and the Continuing Professional Development Office.

References

Aksoy, B., & Namal, R. (2020). Scope validity of the graph drawing and interpretation skill checklist. International Education Studies, 13(1), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n1p76

Bahtaji, M. A. A. (2020). Improving students' graphing skills and conceptual understanding using explicit Graphical Physics Instructions. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science, 15(4), 843–853. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i4.5063

Barone, M., Bussoli, C., & Fattobene, L. (2024). Exploring financial graph literacy: Determinants and influence on financial behavior. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-12-2023-0304

Bisht, R. (2024). What is purposive sampling? Methods, techniques, and examples. Researcher Life. https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-purposive-sampling-methods-techniques-and-examples/

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Brückner, S., Schneider, J., Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., & Drachsler, H. (2020). Epistemic network analyses of economics students’ graph understanding: An eye-tracking study. Sensors, 20(23), 6908. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236908

Cooper, R. A. (2017). Natural selection as an emergent process: instructional implications. Journal of Biological Education, 51(3), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2016.1217905

Dawadi, S. (2020). Thematic analysis approach: A step by step guide for ELT research practitioners. Journal of NELTA, 25(1-2), 62-71. https://doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v25i1-2.49731

Halliday, S. D., Makler, C., McKee, D., & Papadopoulou, A. (2024). Improving student comprehension through interactive model visualization. International Review of Economics Education, 47, 100296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2024.100296

Holmes, D. (2020). Chapter 2 - Statistical methods in laboratory medicine. In Academic Press (pp. 15–35). ISBN 9780128154991. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815499-1.00002-8

Johari, N., Ali, D. F., Hassan, T., Mokhtar, M., Wahid, N. H. A., Noordin, M. K., & Ibrahim, N. H. (2018). Problems faced by students in learning microeconomics course. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8, 847-852. https://doi.org/10.7456/1080sse/120

Lemmer, M., Phage, I. B., & Hitge, M. (2017). Probing Factors Influencing Students’ Graph Comprehension Regarding Four Operations in Kinematics Graphs Comprehension Regarding Four Operations in Kinematics Graphs. https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2017.1333751

Lucci, K., & Cooper, R. A. (2019). Using the I2 strategy to help students think like biologists about natural selection. The American Biology Teacher, 81(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.2.88

Mathai, S., Krishnan, P., & Sreevalsan-Nair, J. (2025). Understanding graphical literacy using school students’ comprehension strategies. Contemporary Education Dialogue, 22(1), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731849241242855

McLaren, B. M., Adams, D. M., Mayer, R. E., & Forlizzi, J. (2017). A computer-based game that promotes mathematics learning more than a conventional approach. International Journal of Game-Based Learning, 7(1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGBL.2017010103

Mishra, P., Kumar, S., & Chaube, M. K. (2023). Graph interpretation, summarization and visualization techniques: A review and open research issues. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(9), 8729–8771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11582-9

Plotinsky, M. (2019, November 11). Small steps to simplify lessons can have a big impact on the classroom. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/decreasing-cognitive-load-lessons

Quirao, Z. D., Bual, J. M., & Madrigal, D. V. (2023). Proficiency level and challenges in Economics of Grade 10 students in selected public schools in Central Philippines. Economics, 10(11). https://doi.org/SAJSSE.102396

Reed, J. (2024). 18 microeconomics graphs you need to know for the exam. ReviewEcon. https://www.reviewecon.com/microeconomics-graphs

Riley, L., & Biernat, K. (2018). Classroom strategies for analyzing and interpreting graph data. Science Scope, 42(4), 32–35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26611887

Ring, M., & Oberrauch, L. (2024). Measuring economic graph competence. International Review of Economics Education, 47, 100302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2024.100302

Sartika, Y., Wahyudi, I., & Abdurrahman, A. (2019). Using guided inquiry learning with tracker application to improve students’ graph interpretation ability. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Tarbiyah, 4(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v4i1.3060

Tanner, K. D. (2009). Talking to learn: Why biology students should be talking in classrooms and how to make it happen. CBE–Life Sciences Education, 8(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.09-03-0021

Taşar, M. F., & Heron, P. R. (Eds.). (2023). The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Special Topics. AIP Publishing Books. https://doi.org/10.1063/9780735425514_020

Xu, X., Wu, Z., & Wei, D. (2023). The relationship between perceived teacher support and student engagement among higher vocational students: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1116932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1116932

Yeh, C. Y. C., Cheng, H. N. H., Chen, Z. H., Liao, C. C. Y., Chang, C. Y., Chan, T. W., & Hsu, W. L. (2019). Enhancing achievement and interest in mathematics learning through Math-Island. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0100-9

Downloads

Published

2025-04-27

How to Cite

Calingacion, J. P., Dacera, A. L. M., Castro, M. G., Lubay, J. C., Bug-os, R. F. F. C., & Bansale, J. C. (2025). Enhancing graph interpretation skills of Grade 9 students in learning microeconomics through I2 strategy. Indonesian Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 2(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.61251/ijoep.v2i1.123

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)